A Wire Across the Continent
A Wire Across the Continent
In the 1860s, news from Britain reached the Australian colonies by ship, and it was always old. A report of an election or a change in prices in London might take six weeks or more to arrive, by which time events had moved on. Merchants guessed, governments waited, and families learnt of births and deaths long after they had happened.
The telegraph offered a cure. A message tapped out as electrical pulses could travel along a wire almost instantly, and by 1870 an undersea cable was planned to link Java with the northern coast of Australia. The question was how to carry the signal from there to the cities of the south, across more than 3,000 kilometres of country that few colonists had crossed.
South Australia's Superintendent of Telegraphs, Charles Todd, argued that his colony should build the line, and in 1870 work began from both ends. The planners had underestimated almost everything. Wet-season floods in the north washed away tracks and spoilt supplies; in the dry centre, teams hauled water as well as wire. Wooden poles were attacked by termites, and many were later replaced with iron ones. A signal also weakened over long distances, so repeater stations had to be built along the route, each one staffed by operators who lived for months at a time far from any town.
In August 1872 the last gap in the line was closed, and soon a message could travel from Adelaide to London within a day rather than weeks. The change was hard to overstate. Australian traders could now follow wool and wheat prices in Britain from one day to the next; newspapers printed overseas news while it was still news.
Yet the line's greatest effect may have been one that its builders did not set out to achieve. Before 1872, each colony had kept its face turned towards London more than towards its neighbours. A single wire strung through the heart of the continent, with operators listening at lonely stations all along it, made the continent itself feel, perhaps for the first time, like one place.
Worked explanation 3
What is the passage mainly about?
- AA.
The life and career of Charles Todd
- BB.
Why ships were too slow to carry news from Britain
- CC.
How a telegraph line was built across Australia and how it changed communication
- DD.
The damage termites did to wooden telegraph poles
Answer: C
Answer: C
Find the idea that every paragraph supports. The passage moves from the problem (slow news), to building the line, to its effects. Only option C covers all of that. Options B and D are details from single paragraphs, and Charles Todd is mentioned only once.